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Article 22 of Legislative Decree No. 58 (through which a unified text of rules on the financial markets has been approved) sets out basic principles on the segregation of patrimonies of financial intermediaries and clients.

A new Russian bankruptcy law became effective on March 1 1998 (Federal Law No. 6-FZ On Bankruptcy). Given the difficulties being experienced by the Russian economy and the precarious state of many enterprises, the new law may assume growing importance in the reform process. Under previous legislation, bankruptcies proved difficult to implement and only infrequently resulted in the liquidation or material restructuring of troubled debtors. Key improvements in the new law include a revised and more practical definition of bankruptcy; a wider list of actors who may start bankruptcy proceedings; and new and more detailed procedures governing the activities of the courts, creditors and manager/trustees in connection with bankruptcy.

The proposed Council Directive on savings income was circulated by the European Commission on June 4 1998. Its rationale is the perceived scope for tax avoidance created by a lack of coordination of national systems for the taxation of interest payments on savings. It will also tax interest on public debt securities and bonds.

US law firm Squire, Sanders & Dempsey has announced plans to open offices in Taipei and Hong Kong. These will be the firm's first Asia-Pacific offices. The firm's head office is in Cleveland but it has a further 7 offices in the US and 8 offices in Europe and the former Soviet bloc. Thomas Stanton, managing partner of the Cleveland office, says: "Following our success in emerging markets in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, we decided to focus on China. Our offices will offer expertise in infrastructure, privatization, telecoms, finance and joint venture activity."

US drugs company Johnson & Johnson is buying orthopaedic supplies company DePuy for US$3.5 billion. Roche Holding, the Swiss pharmaceutical company, is selling its 84% stake in DePuy to the company. Cravath Swaine & Moore is representing Johnson & Johnson of New Jersey. The team of lawyers includes partners Robert Kindler (corporate), Robert Townsend (corporate) and Stephen Gordon (tax).

“Estonia is ahead of us in marketing itself, but when you compare the actual figures we are on a similar level,” says Giedrus Stasevicius, associate partner at Lideika Petrauskas Valiuñas & Partners. Lithuania’s situation has improved significantly since last year, raising hopes for EU membership. Foreign investors are extremely active, attracted by the intense privatization programme and the good economic situation.

The key to Latvia’s future lies in Brussels. Membership of the EU would speed the country towards greater political and economic stability. Exclusion from the latest round of EU enlargement discussions was a major setback. Latvia failed to make sufficient progress with economic and other reforms for entry, but there are many good indicators. Inflation is the lowest in former communist states. Growth is expected to exceed 5% again in 1998 and the budget is in surplus. The national currency, the lat, is kept stable by an independent central bank.

Orange, the UK mobile phone operator, has raised nearly US$1 billion with a high yield debt issue, the largest-ever by a European company. The US$996 million high yield debt was issued in Euros, American dollars and sterling. Advising Orange is London firm Linklaters & Paines. The partners assisting are Brigid Rentoul (corporate) and Tom Wells (international finance).

The Ohada Treaty marks an ambitious project by 16 central and west African countries to harmonize their commercial law. They hope to extend the project across the continent and so help boost economic growth. By Rebecca Major of Herbert Smith, Paris

In the second part of a round table on high-yield issues in Europe, practitioners, investors and bankers discuss due diligence and the disclosure requirements for companies coming to the market.