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US firms have maintained their lead in European equities, particularly in the privatization issues. But those UK firms which have invested are beginning to reap the benefit and close the gap. Richard Forster reports

In December 1997, the EU acknowledged Estonia’s efforts to build a thriving economy in just six years of independence: the country is now the first former Soviet state negotiating EU membership. Since 1992, enthusiastic governments have acted fast to dismantle the old structures, privatize state-owned companies and set up a monetary reform based on a currency board.

The traditionally separate businesses of commercial banking, securities and insurance are increasingly merging. An overall approach to supervision is required. By Philip Wood and Paul Phillips of Allen & Overy, London

The American Bar Association (ABA) is recommending measures to restrict lawyers making political contributions to get government work. The ABA wants to prevent corruption and uphold judicial independence and integrity. The measures were laid out in a report published by its task force on political contributions at the end of July. Lawyers are alleged to have made political contributions to secure more government contracts, particularly municipal bond offerings. This problem, referred to as 'pay for play', usually occurs at the state and local level. Nancy Cowger Slonim of the ABA says: "We want law firms to get government work on the basis of their experience, expertise and qualifications."

In the last of three articles considering possible changes to bond documentation to ease debt problems, Lee C Buchheit of Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton, New York, considers collective representation clauses

Hampered by a small domestic market, Danish firms are probably as big as they can get, and there is little scope to open overseas. But firms are thinking of links with firms abroad. Barbara Galli reports

The four firms which traditionally dominate the Norwegian market are maintaining their strong position, but new players are ready to enter the arena. The legal markets of the Baltic States continue to develop. Barbara Galli reports

UK firm Linklaters & Paines has been hired by British Petroleum for its US$50 billion agreed takeover of Amoco in the US. The oil company merger is the world's largest industrial merger and lawyer's fees are likely to be considerable. The resulting company, BP Amoco plc, will have a market capitalization of US$110 billion with 100,000 employees worldwide. It will be one of the three biggest oil companies in the world along with Royal Dutch/Shell and Exxon. The equity split will be 60% to BP shareholders and 40% to Amoco shareholders. Advising Amoco on the transaction in the US are Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz partners Andrew Brownstein and Martin Lipton. UK counsel to Amoco is Freshfields, with a team including senior partner Anthony Salz, corporate partners William Lawes and Neil Radford, EU law partners Rachel Brandenburger and John Davies, and tax partners Francis Sandison and Sarah Falk.

In a recent case in Ontario, a judge ruled that comfort letters are in general not contractually enforceable. However, liability could run for negligent or fraudulent misrepresentation. By Michael Stephenson of Blake, Cassels & Graydon, Toronto

A recent Hong Kong case, Rudolph Robinson Steel v Nissho Iwai Hong Kong & Anor [1998], demonstrates that the parties to a letter of credit must show a clear intention if the presentation of a future document is to constitute a binding arrangement under the letter of credit.