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Madeira could represent an interesting alternative for Brazilian companies wishing to avoid the consequences of recent Brazilian legislation on Corporate Income Tax (Imposto de Renda de Pessoas Jurídicas), Law No. 9249 of December 26 1995, which came into force on January 1 1996.

This Act amends the Competition Act 1991, taking effect from July 1996. Its aim is to substantially reinforce adherence to competition laws in Ireland by making it an offence for any undertaking to be party to any agreement, decision or concerted practice which is anti-competitive or to abuse a dominant position. Undertakings, their directors, any shadow directors and officers may be prosecuted by the Competition Authority. Fines of up to I£3 million (US$4.5 million) or 10% of turnover may be imposed on conviction.

Dr Berthold Kusserow and Dr Eva Reudelhuber of Oppenhoff & Rädler, Frankfurt, describe the impact that implementation of the Investment Services Directive (ISD) will have on investment services firms in Germany

Ways of taking security interests are becoming increasingly sophisticated. Here is a guide, by James E Hogan, Aigoul Kenjebayeva, Gary Sullivan, Robert Starr and Karen Widess of Salans Hertzfeld & Heilbronn, Paris, Almaty and London

Various amended pieces of Canadian legislation now recognize and protect the enforceability of close-out netting for derivatives deals. By Margaret Grottenthaler of Stikeman, Elliott, Toronto

France has introduced new pledging and netting provisions which will be welcomed by participants in structured financings and derivatives deals. By Stéphane Mouy of Banque Paribas and Edward Nalbantian of Watson, Farley & Williams, Paris

Regulatory confusion and continuing uncertainties are not standing in the way of business in Russia. Lawyers are finding their market booming. By Alex Lennane

In the first of two articles on independent power projects in Asia, Tim Soutar and Judith Hanson of Clifford Chance, Hong Kong, consider the importance of the role played by government

Mark Daley of Berwin Leighton, London and Francesco Seassaro of Carnelutti, London reports on legislation which may mean the demise of a convenient cross-border borrowing structure

The US$4.3 billion debt owed by the former Yugoslavia has been partially apportioned to Slovenia and Croatia. Croatia has issued US$1.46 billion and Slovenia US$812 million in bonds in exchange for their share of the debt.