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The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) has announced measures to relax the restrictions on the use of the Singapore dollar while adhering to its basic policy of not encouraging the internationalization of the Singapore dollar.

Though the word privatization is still not in the official lexicon, China’s latest moves to retreat from state-owned enterprise and invite private investment offer privatization opportunities to brave foreign investors. By Jingzhou Tao of Coudert Brothers, Beijing

As a participating member state in the first group of countries to adopt the single currency in 1999, Portugal must ensure a smooth and effective transition to the euro in respect of the securities market.

UK firm Clifford Chance is advising on the UK government's plans to raise finance for the Channel Tunnel rail link. Andrew Taylor, capital markets partner at Clifford Chance, is legal counsel to the UK investment bank Schroders, the financial advisers to the government. The government put forward proposals to the markets last week for a three tranche bond. In total the government plans to issue £2.65 billion (US$4.3 billion) of bonds with maturities of 12 years, 30 years, and between 30 and 40 years.

Under Article 22 of Legislative Decree No. 58 of February 24 1998, securities and cash belonging to third parties and held for whatever purpose by investment firms or by financial intermediaries and banks, constitute an autonomous patrimony separate from that of the intermediary and from those of other clients. No attachment by or on behalf of creditors of the intermediary, as well as by or on behalf of creditors of a possible depository or sub-depository, can be levied on the patrimony.

Geoffrey Yeowart of Lovell White Durrant, London, updates the answers given in our December 1997 issue to the most frequently asked legal questions

French/UK firm Salans Hertzfeld & Heilbronn will merge with New York's Christy & Viener on January 1 1999. Given that previous mergers have effectively been takeovers of small boutiques by much larger firms, it is the first transatlantic merger of equals. The combined firm will have 85 partners and 193 other qualified lawyers. The Paris office has a total of 103 lawyers, with 84 in New York and 31 lawyers in London. "The firm is a different paradigm to the largest firms," says Robert Starr, a partner in the London office of Salans Hertzfeld. "This merger is unique not only in being transatlantic but also in the character of the firm. We are not now a Paris-based firm nor a London-based firm, and we will not be a New York-based firm."

The recent US$200 million international placement of 10-year subordinated notes by Komercni Banka, the Czech Republic's largest commercial bank, was in many respects a watershed. The transaction constituted the first international offering by a bank in central and eastern Europe of subordinated debt that qualifies for inclusion in the bank's regulatory capital base. At a time when Komercni Banka, like most other Czech banks, was required to increase its provisions for classified loans, the issue of the notes enabled the bank to shore up its balance sheet and maintain an acceptable risk capital ratio without issuing new equity. From a legal perspective, the transaction presented a number of novel issues requiring innovative solutions. One of the most vexing challenges was structuring a subordination clause that satisfied both the international marketplace and Czech regulators, because neither existing banking regulations nor the Czech Bankruptcy Act recognized a concept of subordination consistent with international practice and standards. This article examines how the lawyers on the transaction managed to fit a square peg into a round hole to accomplish this feat.

German firm Gleiss Lutz Hootz Hirsch & Partner and Benelux firm Stibbe Simont Monahan Duhot are considering merging. Partners at the two firms will take a vote in December and, if approved, the German firm will continue business as Stibbe Gleiss Simont Duhot on January 1 1999. The move follows the merger last year of Stibbe and French firm Giroux Buhagiar & Associés in Paris. Frans Corpeleyn, managing partner of Stibbe, says: "We will have French, Belgian, Dutch and German lawyers and these are the major jurisdictions in Europe. We want to be one truly integrated European law firm."

Following pressure from the opposition party, the Japanese Prime Minister has decided to withdraw legislation to rehabilitate the financial sector. The government was planning to use taxpayers' money to help bail out Japan's ailing banks but Minshuto, the Democratic Party of Japan, has proposed a rescue plan which will address the problems by allowing market forces to prevail. Naoto Kan, the leader of Minshuto, proposes that the Long-Term Credit Bank (LTCB) be nationalized and no longer entitled to receive public money from a fund which was set up in February following the enactment of a new law to provide financial assistance to banks. Kan also proposes that an independent body be created to deal with failed financial institutions. The creation of this body, under Article three of the National Government Law, will result in a separation of budgetary and financial administration in the Ministry of Finance. However, this move is criticized by lawyers for its lack of long-term vision. Andrew Castle, banking partner at Allen & Overy in Tokyo, says: "These proposals do not provide an answer to the problems. Nationalizing the bank does not really mean anything in itself. The question they must address is whether they will find resources to keep LTCB in business or wind it up."