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On July 29 1998 the sale of Brazil's giant telecoms company, Telebrás, raised R$22 billion (US$19 billion), between U$4 billion and U$5 billion more than expected in the financial markets and representing a premium of 63.74% over the minimum price. The sale demonstrated the enthusiasm that multinational companies have for Latin America, and confirmed that international companies are willing to commit large resources into the emerging markets.

Wilde Sapte, the UK firm that intended to link with Arthur Andersen, is encountering further problems after the failure of its merger in June. Lawyers are continuing to leave, including Paris partner Thomas McDonald and assistant Matthieu de Varax. The New York office has closed and the resident partner Diarmuid Brennan and his assistant have left. McDonald, who specializes in asset finance, is to join White & Case's Paris office with two assistants. De Varax is moving to Simmons & Simmons' Paris office with two other lawyers. He will be made up to partner. The moves leave the Paris office with two remaining partners.

Gary Spiess, general counsel at BankBoston, Boston, talks to Shane Sorenson

The Commission has put forward two proposals for Directives to establish a clear regulatory framework for electronic money within the EU. By creating harmonized minimum rules on the stability of institutions responsible for issuing electronic money, it aims to encourage the development of electronic commerce and promote confidence among consumers and business.

A recent Hong Kong case, Rudolph Robinson Steel v Nissho Iwai Hong Kong & Anor [1998], demonstrates that the parties to a letter of credit must show a clear intention if the presentation of a future document is to constitute a binding arrangement under the letter of credit.

The four firms which traditionally dominate the Norwegian market are maintaining their strong position, but new players are ready to enter the arena. The legal markets of the Baltic States continue to develop. Barbara Galli reports

“Estonia is ahead of us in marketing itself, but when you compare the actual figures we are on a similar level,” says Giedrus Stasevicius, associate partner at Lideika Petrauskas Valiuñas & Partners. Lithuania’s situation has improved significantly since last year, raising hopes for EU membership. Foreign investors are extremely active, attracted by the intense privatization programme and the good economic situation.

With an ambitious privatization programme and a thriving economy, Finland’s lawyers welcome outside interest in their country’s quiet success. Nick Ferguson reports from Helsinki

The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) has announced that share buybacks will be made legal by the fourth quarter of 1998, following feedback from industry bodies and financial market participants. Companies will be permitted to repurchase shares on the market in round lots out of distributable profits at any time within the period mandated by shareholders. The proposed legislation, which will complement the provisions permitting capital reduction in the Singapore Companies Act, will provide appropriate safeguards to ensure that creditors' interests are preserved and to minimize abuse, while providing sufficient flexibility to companies.

The ministry of finance is preparing a government Bill containing proposed amendments to the Act on Investment Funds. The aim is for the Bill to be ratified and become effective by the end of this year.