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  • May the holders of American Depository Receipts (ADRs) reflecting ownership of shares in a Japanese corporation bring a shareholder derivative action on behalf of that corporation? Both US and Japanese law provide for shareholder derivative actions. However, the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit has held in Batchelder v Kawamoto [July 15 1998] that under Japanese law on ADRs, the holder of the ADRs did not have standing to bring the derivative action.
  • The Commission has put forward two proposals for Directives to establish a clear regulatory framework for electronic money within the EU. By creating harmonized minimum rules on the stability of institutions responsible for issuing electronic money, it aims to encourage the development of electronic commerce and promote confidence among consumers and business.
  • The four firms which traditionally dominate the Norwegian market are maintaining their strong position, but new players are ready to enter the arena. The legal markets of the Baltic States continue to develop. Barbara Galli reports
  • “Estonia is ahead of us in marketing itself, but when you compare the actual figures we are on a similar level,” says Giedrus Stasevicius, associate partner at Lideika Petrauskas Valiuñas & Partners. Lithuania’s situation has improved significantly since last year, raising hopes for EU membership. Foreign investors are extremely active, attracted by the intense privatization programme and the good economic situation.
  • With an ambitious privatization programme and a thriving economy, Finland’s lawyers welcome outside interest in their country’s quiet success. Nick Ferguson reports from Helsinki
  • In Resolution 658E of June 25 1998, the Central Bank of Chile amended the Compendium of Foreign Exchange Regulations of the Central Bank by reducing from 30% to 10% the mandatory deposit requirement or Encaje on foreign exchange brought into Chile as investments, loans or capital contributions.
  • In the wake of Asia's financial crisis, continuing speculation on a Renminbi devaluation appears to have triggered an outflow of foreign currency from China.
  • In August 1998, the Austrian Legislature adopted for the first time a Takeover Code. Changes have been made to the draft prepared by the ministry of justice (see International Financial Law Review, June 1997, page 60).
  • A recent decision of the Copenhagen City Court confirms that Danish courts take a strict view on insider trading (see International Financial Law Review, March 1997, page 58). A board member of a Danish company was sentenced to five months' imprisonment plus confiscation of about US$100,000 of profit.
  • The ministry of finance is preparing a government Bill containing proposed amendments to the Act on Investment Funds. The aim is for the Bill to be ratified and become effective by the end of this year.