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The key to Latvia’s future lies in Brussels. Membership of the EU would speed the country towards greater political and economic stability. Exclusion from the latest round of EU enlargement discussions was a major setback. Latvia failed to make sufficient progress with economic and other reforms for entry, but there are many good indicators. Inflation is the lowest in former communist states. Growth is expected to exceed 5% again in 1998 and the budget is in surplus. The national currency, the lat, is kept stable by an independent central bank.

A group of 15 lawyers who left Swedish law firm Lagerlöf & Leman because of its association with UK firm Linklaters & Paines are now the country's highest billing lawyers. Partners at Hammarskiöld & Co in Stockholm brought in on average Skr 9.6 million (US$1.17 million) per partner, almost twice that of the partners at their previous firm, according to figures published in the Swedish business newspaper Affärs Världen. In July, Lagerlöf & Leman, along with three other members of the Alliance, entered into an association with Linklaters. The new grouping, Linklaters & Alliance, includes Oppenhoff & Rädler in Germany, De Brauw Blackstone Westbroek in the Netherlands and De Bandt van Hecke & Lagae in Belgium.

Orange, the UK mobile phone operator, has raised nearly US$1 billion with a high yield debt issue, the largest-ever by a European company. The US$996 million high yield debt was issued in Euros, American dollars and sterling. Advising Orange is London firm Linklaters & Paines. The partners assisting are Brigid Rentoul (corporate) and Tom Wells (international finance).

UK firm Watson Farley & Williams is to acquire the Singapore office of Sinclair Roche & Temperley for what has been described as "a substantial sum of money". The agreement is effective from September 1 1998. The move comes just a few months after Sinclair Roche & Temperley agreed an alliance with Singapore firm Colin Ng & Partners, intended to operate alongside its Singapore office.

Van Anken Knüppe Damstra, the Rotterdam-based firm with a strategic alliance with big five firm Deloitte & Touche, is to merge with Eindhoven-based Prinsen van der Putt. The merger will take place on January 1 1999. The move is a further step in the ambitious plans for legal services of the Dutch practice of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu. "Within two years we expect to be one of the four biggest legal practices in the Netherlands," says a spokesperson for Deloitte & Touche. There are negotiations with other law firms under way, and the spokesperson says: "We expect further announcements in the next few months".

A recent revision of the Swiss Law on Telecommunications (telecoms law) has brought a change of certain provisions of the Swiss Criminal Code. The impact on banks and trade businesses tape recording conversations with their business partners is considerable. The recording of telephone conversations is subject to provisions of civil and public law. The Swiss Civil Code and the Swiss Code of Obligations provide general rules on the protection of personal rights.

Presidential Decree No. 696, which became effective on June 16 1998, has clarified the rules for the issue of Eurobonds or other international debt placements by regional governments within Russia. Generally, the Decree imposes new restrictions on these activities by regional governments, and seeks to promote sounder borrowing policies. The ministry of finance is granted supervisory authority and made responsible for approving new international debt issues. The new requirements for regional governments placing Eurobonds and other international debt issues include:

Mezzanine debt, until recently a feature only of US project financings, is spreading to projects in other markets. The Asian crisis has increased interest in alternative funding sources. By Alistair MacRae of Norton Rose, Singapore

The Puerto Rico Telephone Authority agreed to sell the majority of its shares in the Puerto Rico Telephone Company to a group headed by a subsidiary of GTE Corporation. At closing, PRTA will receive US$1.875 billion — US$375 million as consideration for the shares and US$1.5 billion as dividend. The dividend will be paid through a loan, to be arranged GTE, from a syndicate of banks to PRTC.

Coca Cola Beverages (CCB), one of the ten anchor bottlers within the Coca-Cola system and the largest bottler of carbonated soft drinks in Central and Europe has been floated on the London Stock Exchange. The flotation valued the company at over £1.7 billion (US$2.8 billion). Warburg Dillon Reed acted as sponsor and bookrunner. CCB was created by the demerger of the bottling business of Coca-Cola Amatil in 12 countries in central and eastern Europe and the acquisitionof The Coca-Cola Company's bottling operations in northern and central Italy.