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May the holders of American Depository Receipts (ADRs) reflecting ownership of shares in a Japanese corporation bring a shareholder derivative action on behalf of that corporation? Both US and Japanese law provide for shareholder derivative actions. However, the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit has held in Batchelder v Kawamoto [July 15 1998] that under Japanese law on ADRs, the holder of the ADRs did not have standing to bring the derivative action.

German firm Hengeler Mueller Weitzel Wirtz has put together the innovative system that will clear the majority of euro transactions once the single European currency is introduced. Despite claims that it was impossible to produce a multilateral cross-border netting system whose rights and obligations would be upheld in the various jurisdictions in insolvency situations, the new Single Obligation structure, which provides the basis for the EBA clearing system, meets all criteria and has won acclaim from all participating countries.

On January 31 1998, the Promotion of Investments Law became effective with the aim of promoting domestic and inward investment. The equality of inward investment with domestic investments is now guaranteed by the government which takes responsibility for damages and ensures the free transfer of capital and profits (free convertibility is permitted by law).

In the wake of Asia's financial crisis, continuing speculation on a Renminbi devaluation appears to have triggered an outflow of foreign currency from China.

Hampered by a small domestic market, Danish firms are probably as big as they can get, and there is little scope to open overseas. But firms are thinking of links with firms abroad. Barbara Galli reports

US law firm Squire, Sanders & Dempsey has announced plans to open offices in Taipei and Hong Kong. These will be the firm's first Asia-Pacific offices. The firm's head office is in Cleveland but it has a further 7 offices in the US and 8 offices in Europe and the former Soviet bloc. Thomas Stanton, managing partner of the Cleveland office, says: "Following our success in emerging markets in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, we decided to focus on China. Our offices will offer expertise in infrastructure, privatization, telecoms, finance and joint venture activity."

• US firm Brown & Wood has appointed Michael Durrer as a partner in its London office. Durrer returns to the firm after three years with Atlanta-based Kilpatrick Stockton. He joins the securitization practice group. • Mark Wierzbowski, a partner of the Warsaw office of Weil Gotshal & Manges, has been made President of the Supervisory Board of the Warsaw Stock Exchange.

US natural gas and electricity company Enron is buying UK water utility Wessex Water. The value of the transaction is £1.4 billion (US$2.3 billion). Advising Enron is UK firm Freshfields, London. The team of lawyers is headed by partners Edward Brahm (corporate), Mark Rawlinson (corporate) and Deidre Trapp (competition).

In Resolution 658E of June 25 1998, the Central Bank of Chile amended the Compendium of Foreign Exchange Regulations of the Central Bank by reducing from 30% to 10% the mandatory deposit requirement or Encaje on foreign exchange brought into Chile as investments, loans or capital contributions.

In August 1998, the Austrian Legislature adopted for the first time a Takeover Code. Changes have been made to the draft prepared by the ministry of justice (see International Financial Law Review, June 1997, page 60).