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Spain recently approved rules to reduce the risks derived from the insolvency of any of the parties involved in financial operations in relation to derivative instruments. In the event of the accelerated maturity of the balances resulting from these operations, the netting of the balances is now allowed.

On December 11 1997, the ordinary shareholders' meeting of Borsa Italiana SpA, the company to which the organization and management of the Italian regulated markets of financial instruments has been attributed, adopted the regulation aimed at governing the markets, so implementing Article 47 of Legislative Decree No. 415 of July 23 1996.

In June 1998, a completely new version of the Act on Company Law Act No. 144/1997 (1997 CXLIV tv a gazdasági társaságokról) will take effect, replacing the old Act No.6/1988. The changes are partly formal, but also of a substantive nature. The new law contains a longer general part, while the special parts are leaner because the repetitive sections on individual company forms have been moved forward into the general part.

On March 11, South Africa further liberalized exchange controls. Most of the changes were effective on announcement.

Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT), the largest provider of telecommunications services in Japan, has completed a US$1 billion SEC-registered global note offering, part of a trend by Japanese corporate issuers to borrow in the international market, rather than from Japanese banks or in the Japanese domestic bond market. The transaction is the first global note offering by NTT and the second recent SEC-registered global note offering by a Japanese issuer. Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley Dean Witter acted as global coordinators on the deal advised by Sullivan & Cromwell.

Melia Inversiones Americanas (MIA), a Dutch company owning hotels in Latin America and the Caribbean, has been floated in a US$163.8 million international offering. The shares were offered to Spanish retail and institutional investors and to US institutions though a private placement. US firm Brown & Wood advised on New York and English law with Spanish law advice from Cuatrecasas. The shares, placed in the US through Rule 144A American Depositary Shares, were the first non-Spanish stock to be listed on the stock exchanges in Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia and Bilbao. A depositary system has been implemented to allow the bearer shares of MIA to be represented by electronic book entries in Spain (anotaciones en cuenta). The system is designed to satisfy both Spanish law relating to registered securities and the requirements of Dutch law on the transfer of bearer shares. Stibbe, Simont, Monahan, Duhot advised on Dutch aspects.

Imperial Tobacco Group is buying Douwe Egberts Van Nelle Tobacco from Sara Lee/Douwe Egberts for £652 million. The acquisition is subject to Works Council consent in the Netherlands, regulatory clearance in a number of jurisdictions and the consent of Imperial Tobacco Group's shareholders. Ashurst Morris Crisp is acting for Imperial Tobacco Group, with a team led by corporate partners David Macfarlane and Jeremy Parr. The team includes partners Roger Finbow (competition), Ian Johnson (tax ), and Richard Kendall (finance). Nauta Dutilh's partner Joan van Marwijk Kooy is also advising Imperial Tobacco in the Netherlands. Schroders are acting as the financial advisers to the Group.

Eurotunnel declared a moratorium on the payment of interest on the major part of its debt on September 14 1995. An outline agreement on a restructuring plan was reached between Eurotunnel and a steering group of its bank lenders 12 months later, on October 2 1996. Eight months later in May 1997, detailed terms sheets were agreed. The proposals were then put to Eurotunnel's shareholders and the whole banking syndicate of nearly 200 banks for approval — the agreement of each individual bank was required. The Restructuring Agreement was signed on January 29 1998 and the restructuring finally became effective two months later, on April 7 1998. The corporate structure of Eurotunnel is unusual. There are two separate corporate groups linked at the holding company level by the listing and trading of their shares in units, and at the level of the principal subsidiary of each group because the concession to build and operate the Channel Tunnel was granted jointly to the two companies (see box).

New York firm Reid & Priest and San Francisco form Thelen Marrin Johnson Bridges confirmed market speculation by announcing, on April 6, they are to merge (see IFLRev, April 1998, page 3). It is the largest merger between east and west coast firms, combining over 350 lawyers. The new firm will be known as Thelen Reid & Priest when the merger is formalized on June 30. Richard Gary, Thelen Marrin's chairman, will become chairman of the new firm and Thomas Igoe, chairman of Reid & Priest, becomes vice-president.

The Russian Federal Securities Commission (FSC) is continuing to assert its authority over the securities market by introducing regulation of listed companies' share issues. The reforms follows the FSC's prohibition of the controversial Sidanco bond issue with the rules expected to become effective in May 1998. As in the commission's intervention in Sidanco's bond issue, these reforms are designed to alleviate worries about minority shareholder's rights. Russian companies will be required to disclose more detailed information to shareholders before registering share issues with the FSC. This must be done at least one month before prospectuses are submitted. The commission aims to boost its control over closed subscriptions to share issues.