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The Italian government has sold 44.7% of its stake in Telecom Italia. The US$13 billion deal included a private offering of US$3.1 billion to stable shareholders and an offering of $US10 million in the international and Italian markets, including an SEC registered public offering in the US. Davis, Polk & Wardwell advised Telecom Italia. Partner Patrick Kenadjian led the team from the Frankfurt office. Of counsel Jeffrey Oakes advised on securities and capital markets matters from London.

With the globalization of financial services, New York law firms are adapting their approach for a global market. But traditional relationships remain strong. Richard Forster reports

US firm Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton is to open an Italian office in early 1998. Based in Rome, the office will have about eight lawyers, both US and Italian qualified recruited from its other European offices. Cleary Gottlieb will be only the third US firm to open in Italy. However, the decision reflects the growing interest of many US and UK firms in Italy. Ned Stiles, partner ofa firm in Washington, sees the move as a natural progression: "We have a significant amount of business in Italy already, and our assessment was that it was right [to open an office]."

Against the backdrop of greater political stability and improving economic prospects, Pakistan has recently made it easier to float companies. By Mansoor H Khan of Khan & Associates, Lahore

The House of Lords decided on October 30 in the landmark case of Morris v Agrichemicals (also called BCCI No. 8), that it is legally possible for a bank to take an equitable charge over money deposited with it. This ruling ends more than a decade of controversy caused by the decision in Re Charge Card Services Limited [1986] when Millett J stated that a charge-back was "conceptually impossible".

The Central Bank of the Russian Federation (CBR) recently adopted new currency regulations affecting capital contributions and long-term loans in hard currency, as summarized below. The new provisions appear intended to clarify and simplify Russian currency legislation, but in some cases they may have the contrary effect of delaying or complicating cross-border investment and financial transactions. In addition, they strengthen the involvement of the CBR in even the most routine transactions, increasing the bureaucratic burdens on foreign investors and lenders.

A new code for the Portuguese Securities Market is expected to come into force before the end of 1998. The new code, which is now being prepared and whose main features have already been submitted and approved by the Ministry of Finance, is expected to be more approachable and concise than the one in force at present, which has been broadly criticized for being over-regulatory and for duplicating provisions already included in other laws.

Germany will produce detailed legislation to ensure a smooth transition into the third stage of Emu. It includes specific rules for reference rates and redenomination. By Katrin Kühnle of Hengeler Mueller Weitzel Wirtz, Frankfurt

The introduction of a single currency will provide scope for a stronger Europe-wide securitization market, which should grow from the start of the transition to the euro. By Gilles Thieffry and Jonathan Walsh, Norton Rose, London

Shares of China Telecom raised HK$30.3 billion in a dual listing on the Hong Kong and New York stock exchanges. The deal is China's largest listing to date. Hong Kong-based investors bought almost 50% of China Telecom shares. The company offers mobile services in the Guangdong and Zhejiang provinces. US firm Sullivan & Cromwell advised on US law to the issuer. General corporate partners Chung Wei and Robert Delamater led the firm's team.