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US utilities group PacifiCorp is offering to buy all outstanding common shares of the UK's Energy Group for about US$5.8 billion. PacifiCorp will also assume US$3.8 billion of The Energy Group's debt. This is the largest transaction in the UK utility industry and is an example of the growing tendency among US utilities companies to invest in the deregulating UK market.

Compaq Computer is acquiring Tandem Computers for about US$3 billion in stock. Tandem is best known for its fault-tolerant computer systems, and the merged company will be the world's largest supplier of computers based on the Intel chip and Microsoft software.

US firm Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy is restaffing its Russian office. The move follows its decision to withdraw its lawyers in October 1996 after David Slade left for Allen & Overy. Since then, all the firm's Russian work has been done out of its London and New York offices. The re-entry into Russia was announced with the appointment of Holly Nielson as managing partner of the Moscow office. Nielson is expected to head an initial team of three associates, two of whom will be Russian. Milbank hopes to double the number of lawyers within a year. The firm aims to offer specialization in capital markets, banking and project finance law.

A recent case underlines the reluctance of UK courts to impose personal duties on directors of companies where there is economic loss but not personal injury. By David Kavanagh of Watson, Farley & Williams, London

The Amsterdam Treaty, to be signed in October, makes significant reforms but failed to answer the main questions of how to reach decisions in an enlarged EU. By Raymond O’ Rourke of Stanbrook and Hooper, Brussels

Greater transparency is being recognized as the key to identifying the trail of illicit funds in South America. By Rodolfo Gerardo Papa of Cárdenas, Cassagne & Asociados, Buenos Aires

Private sector finance is increasing in France. But undertaking projects with local government will require foreign companies to bridge a cultural gap. By Jacques Bertran de Balanda and Gilles Heude of Clifford Chance, Paris

A recent case in New South Wales seems to have resolved the doubts surrounding the creation of fixed charges over receivables raised by Royal Trust Bank. By John Stumbles and Scott Farrell of Mallesons Stephen Jaques, Sydney

By the end of fiscal 2000, a momentous series of reforms should have opened the Japanese financial markets. The government’s programme is reviewed by Naoaki Eguchi, Yasushi Murofushi and Jeremy Pitts of Tokyo Aoyama Law Office-Baker & McKenzie, Tokyo

A Presidential Decree has clarified the rules concerning foreign ownership of shares of RAO Gazprom, the world's largest natural gas producer (accounting for approximately one quarter of world production). Before the Decree, Gazprom's corporate charter had established a rule that no more than 9% of its shares could be owned by "foreigners or their affiliated persons or legal entities". However, there was no clear mechanism for enforcing the limit, and the definition of 'affiliated' remained murky. Gazprom also maintained the right to approve any sale of shares to foreigners, as well as a general right of first refusal to repurchase any shares sold by Russian shareholders (except that certain shares sold to Russian shareholders by auction were exempted from the latter rule).