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The law in the United States relating to electronic funds transfers is new and undeveloped. Article 4A, governing these types of transactions, has been added to the Uniform Commercial Code and adopted by many states, including New York. A case recently reported, Sheerbonnet Ltd v American Express Bank Ltd, 951 F Supp 403 (SDNY 1995), sheds some light on the interplay between Article 4A and the common law.

US firms are putting less weight on lawyer billings and are using more objective criteria to determine partner compensation, according to a survey report published by consultants Altman Weil Pensa. The firm's previous survey of this sort, in 1993, found that personal fees billed was the most important factor in calculating lawyers' compensation. The new survey has found that business origination has become the most significant determinant.

The recent fuss over different levels of disclosure in the US and UK by British Telecom is an example of the problems companies with multiple listings are open to. By Anthony J Herbert of Allen & Overy, London

On June 16 the Ministry of Justice submitted a Draft Takeover Code introducing a mandatory public tender offer to all shareholders of listed target companies (excluding companies whose shares are traded in the over-the-counter market [Sonstiger Wertpapierhandel]). The Draft Code provides that the mandatory offer will be triggered by the acquisition of shares representing 30% or more of the voting rights in the target, irrespective of whether this acquisition of de facto control occurs through a voluntary public offer, a private purchase of a block of shares or multiple purchases in the market.

Cancelled banking merger

Avis Europe, the leading car rental company in Europe, has floated for the second time on the London Stock Exchange, at 124 pence a share. The company first listed in 1986, after which it was bought by a consortium led by Belgian group D'Ieteren.

Exchange taxes cut

A recent judgment of the Federal Supreme Court in Abu Dhabi has emphasized and expanded the Court's hostility to margin trading. This is the third in a series of cases dating back to 1990 relating to trading in currencies or commodities.

Amendment of monetary policy

The flood of US firms entering or expanding in the London market shows no sign of stopping. Atlanta-based Paul, Hastings, Janofsky & Walker LLP opened an office in June. New York's Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft will open its office at the start of September. Cadwalader is being particularly aggressive in its strategy. Mitchell Sonkin, a member of the firm's management committee, says the firm is aiming to open with 15 or more lawyers , and hopes to expand that to more than 25 within a year. All but a few of them will be UK-qualified, he predicts. The firm's eventual goal is to have an office of between 50 and 75 lawyers, and Sonkin expects that to be achieved within three to four years.