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Regulators have shifted their oversight dramatically since the financial crisis 10 years ago, as Linkaters’ Jacques Schillaci discusses

Nine years after it first stepped in to regulate the e-money sector in Indonesia, the central bank (Bank Indonesia) has responded to technological change by issuing a new regulation to supersede Bank Indonesia Regulation 11/12/BIR/2009 on electronic money (BIR 11/12). Besides making the necessary changes to encompass the latest developments in the e-money sector, the new regulation – Bank Indonesia Regulation 20/6/BIR/2018 (BIR 20/6) – also places restrictions on foreign ownership and introduces new minimum capitalisation requirements for all e-money issuers.

Small investors in China are up in arms: peer-to-peer (P2P) lenders are closing down everywhere as a result of a regulatory crackdown on fraudulent operators and so-called shadow banking. Thousands of investors have lost their life savings after investing in platforms that have collapsed. Specific centres have even been set up to deal with the high volume of complaints.

The Colombian government enacted Decree 1357 (hereafter the Decree) last July, which regulates crowdfunding platforms in line with the international growth of the industry. This as an attempt to bridge the gap between the supply of funds and start-up businesses.

When hedge funds become illiquid, what options are open to investors?

The mechanism for valuation of state-owned shares in a listed company in its sale (sale of shares) has been recently overhauled by Decree 32/2018/ND-CP and the Circular 59/2018/TT-BTC which have come into effect since May 1 2018 and September 1 2018, respectively.

Investments made on behalf of qualified institutional investors have had a specific – and at times complex – regime since 2007

Within the framework of its overall goal of diversifying the local economy, the Macau SAR (MSAR) government aims to revitalise the financial leasing system. It has submitted a draft bill to the Legislative Council (LegCo) on a new regime for financial leasing companies, which will replace the existing Decree-Law 51/93/M of September 20.

As the Brazilian presidential mandate enters the 'lame-duck' period, the federal government's ambitious programme of infrastructure projects is now focused mainly on two calls for bids: one for the highway concession in Rio Grande do Sul State and the other for a group of airport concessions. These calls for bids involve a mixture of innovations that have been long waited by investors, and a few last-minute decisions that are yet to be proven adaptable in practice.

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a body of European legislation of considerable complexity, especially when it comes to its practical implementation. However, Slovakia still lacks models and guidelines from the Office for Personal Data Protection of the Slovak Republic that would make the implementation of the GDPR easier and resolve several open questions. When Slovak law was revised before the implementation of the GDPR, it was hoped that the GDPR would bring about a reduction in obligations and a simplification of mandatory documentation, especially for smaller firms. It now appears from developments in the guidelines of the Office for Personal Data Protection that this might not be the case.