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The Irish Court of Appeal recently handed down an important decision which will impact default interest provisions in Irish law loan agreements. In Sheehan v Breccia/Flynn and Benray v Breccia, the court considered whether a provision for default interest in a bank's standard terms and conditions should be struck down as a penalty. This is a highly technical question, but one which is important for banks and borrowers, and for other market operators.

The groundbreaking decision may well send a signal to other creditors that Venezuela is vulnerable to the enforcement of international arbitration court judgments

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a body of European legislation of considerable complexity, especially when it comes to its practical implementation. However, Slovakia still lacks models and guidelines from the Office for Personal Data Protection of the Slovak Republic that would make the implementation of the GDPR easier and resolve several open questions. When Slovak law was revised before the implementation of the GDPR, it was hoped that the GDPR would bring about a reduction in obligations and a simplification of mandatory documentation, especially for smaller firms. It now appears from developments in the guidelines of the Office for Personal Data Protection that this might not be the case.

Are derivative margin rules overdue a rethink and a revamp?

On July 8 2018 the Cyprus Parliament approved a package of legislative measures aimed at creating market security, stability and growth, and strengthening the legal framework to deal with non-performing loans. The amendments took effect on July 31, when the amending laws were published in the government Gazette. The principal changes are as follows:

A review of the UK ombudsman’s activities has highlighted areas for improvement, but also for change

Republic Act 11057 or the Personal Property Security Act (PPSA) was signed into law on August 17 2018. It provides for new means and requirements for creating, perfecting, and registering security over personal property in the Philippines. The PPSA amended or repealed certain laws that are inconsistent with the new law. This includes those laws relating to the creation of pledges and chattel mortgages and the registration procedures for security interests over personal property in the Philippines.

The recognition of foreign insolvency decrees in Switzerland is sometimes problematic

The regulator has set its sights on public offering sponsors in cases of listing fraud and listed company misconduct

Within the framework of the lump-sum taxation (or forfait taxation) regime, Switzerland offers certain individuals the opportunity to be taxed based on their annual living expenses instead of their worldwide income and wealth. The regime is open to individuals relocating for the first time to Switzerland and to former residents returning to Switzerland after an absence of 10 years or more, where those individuals neither have Swiss citizenship nor exercise a professional activity in Switzerland. In the case of married couples, both spouses must meet the requirements. The lump-sum taxation regime has not only proven to be highly attractive for newly immigrating high-net-worth individuals (HNWI), but also for entrepreneurs and investors who, for example, have stepped down from their functions and professional activities before relocating to Switzerland.