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As these loans become ever more popular in Europe, capital providers need enhanced creditor protections to manage any potential downside

The new Investment Services and Activities and Regulated Markets Law 87(I)/2017 (the IS Law), which implements the revised EU Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (Mifid II) in Cyprus, will enter into force on January 3 2018. In preparation, the Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission (CySEC) has issued guidance to regulated entities advising them of the more rigorous product governance requirements which will apply under the new law. The product governance requirements under Mifid II are set out in articles 17(3) and 25(2) of the IS Law, chapter III of Commission Delegated Directive (EU) 2017/593 and European Securities and Markets Authority (Esma) guidelines document Esma35-43/620.

Updating the legal framework in Central America will help guarantee data confidentiality. But in order for companies to face growing vulnerabilities and risks, any internal policies or regulations that they establish must be complemented with appropriate technology. In El Salvador and the rest of the region, companies are rethinking their security strategies, including controls, policies, work regulations and internal processes. These new security measures are driven by the evolution of technology, IT security incidents and industry growth.

On September 20 2017, the Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT) issued decision 3610A/QD-BCT announcing a plan to remove 675 business and investment conditions from the 1,216 existing conditions under its management for the 2017 to 2018 period. This is the MOIT's first move in response to the government's recent call for a comprehensive review and removal of unnecessary business conditions which restrain foreign investment and reduce national competitiveness. Since its issuance, decision 3610A has made headlines due to its unprecedented reduction of business conditions in the history of the MOIT.

The country is again amending regulations applicable to offerings of foreign funds to qualified investors. The changes should be positive - with some notable exceptions

Increased tax transparency obligations on private companies may actually make it easier to be IPO ready

Regulatory enforcement and related litigation in the UK have evolved significantly since the financial crisis

The market is pondering what life after the benchmark will look like, including possible replacements and the impact on future and updated bond programmes

The Diet passed the Housing Rental Business Act (an official translation is yet to be determined) on June 9 2017. The Act, which will take effect in June 2018, defines and regulates vacation rental businesses such as Airbnb.

In August 2017, the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources introduced a new regulation which revoked its previous controversial (and short-lived) regulation which had required that the ministry's approval be obtained by sponsors of independent power producers (IPP) before executing any share transfer or change of the IPP's board of directors or commissioners.