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Maurício Santos Betina Sanglard In November 2015, the Brazilian National Monetary Council issued Resolutions 4444 and 4449 with the goal of attracting investments from insurance and local reinsurance companies, pension funds and capitalisation companies (institutional investors) to infrastructure projects.

John Breslin In Ireland activity continues to increase in the commercial lending, structured and aviation finance markets. The general consensus is that Ireland is firmly in recovery mode. However, recent comments by George Osborne, the UK Chancellor of the Exchequer, warning of the potential impact of global risks to the UK economy merit close attention. These risks include the decline in commodity prices, developments in Asian economies including China, and the potential impact on the world economy of increases in interest rates. In addition, the outcome of a referendum in the UK to decide whether the UK will remain part of a reformed European Union is expected to have a significant impact on the Irish economy.

Julian M Hashim Yishan Yong More parties are opting to include service of notices in agreements by way of email because it is expeditious and convenient. However, there are implications of using email as a method of service that may not be obvious.

Bisola Olusoga The Nigerian Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB) is currently being considered for passage into law in distinct parts, each instalment dealing fully with the matters to which it pertains. It is understood that this piecemeal approach represents a policy measure for the convenient management of the controversies which have historically plagued the PIB. The first part to be enacted, the Petroleum Industry Governance and Institutional Framework Bill aims to create efficient and effective governing institutions, with clearly delineated roles within the petroleum industry. It will also establish a framework for the creation of commercially oriented and profit-driven petroleum entities and promote transparency and accountability in the administration of petroleum resources in Nigeria.

Daw Khin Cho Kyi Daw Thaw Dar Sein Until July 2013, although Myanmar was a party to the Geneva Protocol on Arbitration Clauses of 1923, it was not a party to the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes Convention (the ICSID Convention) or to other international conventions relating to arbitration. Myanmar deposited its instrument of accession without reservation to become a contracting state of the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, which became effective on July 15 2013.

Benedicto P. Panigbatan 'Land to the landless!' is a popular battle cry in the Philippines where agriculture is the mainstay of the economy. Accordingly, the Philippines has long embarked on what is known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Programme (CARP) to distribute land to landless farmers. CARP found impetus when Republic Act No. 6657 (R.A. 6657) was enacted and, subsequently, when Republic Act No. 9700 (R.A. 9700) amended it to extend the timeline for land acquisition and distribution.

The continent’s bond markets have matured rapidly over the past three years. Here, White & Case lawyers' set-out why hybrid-style instruments could be their next incarnation

Daniel Futej Rudolf Sivák In order to increase consumer protection in the Slovak Republic, several acts relating to bills of exchange have recently been amended. However, these changes do not only concern consumers. Amendments were passed because bills of exchange – and the strict fulfillment of their obligations – are easy to abuse. Sadly this abuse does occur, particularly in dealings with consumers.

Struggling foreign companies keep finding new ways to restructure in England. But as Milbank's Matthew Czyzyk explains, their tactics are facing tougher scrutiny by the courts

Transatlantic dialogue on financial services? How open is Europe to American capital?