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Below you will find quick links to the findings of our 2015 guide to Energy and infrastructure research.

There are two primary types of business insolvency proceedings under title 11 of the United States Code (Bankruptcy Code): chapter 11 and chapter 7 proceedings.

Part 5.1 of chapter 5 of the Corporations Act 2001(Cth) contains provisions for compromises or arrangements between a company and its creditors or the company and its members. These are generally called schemes. The scheme approval process is controlled by the court that orders the holding of meetings of creditors, classes of creditors or members. The court must also approve the information to be sent to creditors in relation to the scheme. A liquidator can also promote a scheme.

Bankruptcy is regulated by articles 437 to 592 of the Commercial Code. Bankruptcy may be initiated by the debtor itself, by the public prosecutor or by a creditor. The procedure applies to a debtor who meets both of the following criteria: (i) not being able to pay due debts; and (ii) not being able to raise credit. The Commercial Chamber of the District Court (court) will appoint a bankruptcy trustee in charge of the bankruptcy and a judge to supervise the proceedings on granting the petition. Its aim is to realise the debtor's assets and pay the creditors through the recovered assets.

The Chinese Enterprise Bankruptcy Law (Bankruptcy Law) sets out three types of bankruptcy proceedings for firms in financial trouble: liquidation, reorganisation, and reconciliation. The debtor or any of its creditors may file for liquidation or reorganisation when the debtor becomes insolvent. Reorganisation may also be commenced if the debtor is in imminent insolvency. Only the debtor itself may file for reconciliation. Reconciliation is a process whereby the debtor renegotiates the terms of its debt with the creditors to reach a reconciliation plan, which will be binding upon all creditors once approved by the creditors' meeting and the court. Reconciliation cases are very rare in practice.

Under the existing legal regime, the main procedures of reorganisation and rehabilitation for companies in financial difficulties include schemes for compromise, arrangements and reconstruction under the Companies Act 1956, or revival and rehabilitation under the Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act 1985 (SICA).

The Insolvency Act 2003 (Act) and the Insolvency Rules 2005 set out the various insolvency proceedings available in the British Virgin Islands (BVI). Although included at Part III of the Act, the administration provisions are not yet in force. The BVI Business Companies Act (BC Act) includes provisions for reorganisation.

Formal collective insolvency procedures under the Insolvency Act 1986 (Act) consist of company voluntary arrangements (CVA), administration and liquidation. Receivership is a secured creditor's limited enforcement remedy.

Gilbey Strub of the Association for Financial Markets and Carter McDowell of the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association discuss global bank resolution and recovery initiatives

The Danish Bankruptcy Act provides for three different juridical insolvency procedures: bankruptcy, restructuring and debt relief. Outside the three judicial insolvency procedures, a variety of non-judicial rescue and reorganisation arrangements can be completed with creditor consent.