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The regulator's head of M&A, Willard Mwemba, discusses how the body’s merger review process has evolved since its launch in January 2013

The FCA's continued restrictions on the selling of CoCos is leading banks to follow the spirit rather than the letter of the law on other securities

A Hong Kong tribunal started a preliminary hearing last month, involving a US short seller called Citron Research. So far, so standard: the practice of short selling itself has been a part of markets since the 1600s and Kong Hong has historically frowned upon it.

The UK Financial Conduct Authority's (FCA) review of structured product governance has criticised the ways in which the instruments are developed and sold, warning that binding rules may be necessary.

The European regulatory capital market continues to grow, but global and EU reforms are causing concern among investors and issuers

The tips and tricks that will help the region’s dealmakers exceed last year’s record volumes

César Rodríguez The Colombian fourth generation concession programme is seeking its first financial closing. Considering the huge amount of money needed, concessionaires are trying to put in place the optimum capital structure, combining long-term senior financing, revolving liquidity facilities, equity contributions and subordinated debt. Historically, subordinated debt has been widely used in infrastructure projects in Colombia as an instrument to inject sponsors' equity, and to avoid cash traps and other restrictions. However, existing sponsors are assessing how to obtain subordinated debt from non-affiliated parties, such as governmental entities and private equity funds. This represents a new feature in the Colombian landscape, as well as further challenges.

Karole Cuddihy John Breslin In Independent Trustee Company v Registrar of Companies 2015, the plaintiff (ITC) challenged the Irish Registrar of Companies (or Companies Registration Office: the CRO). The plaintiff claimed that the CRO gave the status of 'receivership' on the register of companies to a company which had a receiver appointed over some and not all of its assets. A lender appointed receivers over certain assets, which ITC held on trust for a sub-fund. The lender placed the usual advertisement in a newspaper and notified the CRO of the appointment.

Tomohiro Okumura Amendments to the Companies Act (Amendments) will come into force on May 1 2015, in which a new form of cash out will be included. Under the Amendments, the special controlling shareholder (a shareholder who holds nine-tenths or more of the voting power of all shareholders of the company) may demand that the other shareholders sell their shares of the company to the special controlling shareholder (a so-called demand for sale). By using a demand for sale, a shareholder who holds the majority vote may force minority shareholders out of the company. Conventionally, the method that is used for such a purpose is for the company to issue and acquire class shares by a resolution of the shareholders meeting. However, since this method necessitates the holding of a shareholders meeting, it is burdensome for a company.

Sanjay Mohanasundram As in most other jurisdictions which seek to preserve the sanctity of the arbitration process, Malaysia's Arbitration Act 2005 limits the grounds on which a party can seek to reverse an arbitration award. Section 42 of the Act allows for a party to challenge an award on a question of law. Until the recent decision of the Court of Appeal in Government of Malaysia v Perwira Bintang Holdings Sdn Bhd there was some confusion as to when the court should exercise its discretion to set aside an award on a question of law. In this decision, the Court of Appeal set out the following criteria in order to determine whether an award should be set aside on this ground: